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Hematologic dysfunction in Lassa fever.

S Fisher-Hoch1, J B McCormick, D Sasso

  • 1Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 80522.

Journal of Medical Virology
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Severe Lassa fever patients exhibit significantly depressed lymphocyte counts and impaired platelet function. These immune system changes, particularly in platelet function, may be early indicators of severe Lassa fever disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Lassa fever is a significant public health concern in West Africa with a substantial case fatality rate.
  • The disease presents with variable clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe, including bleeding and organ failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunological and hematological differences between mild and severe Lassa fever cases.
  • To identify potential early biomarkers for severe Lassa fever.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 70 patients with suspected Lassa fever in Sierra Leone.
  • Classified patients into mild and severe Lassa fever groups based on serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels and viremia.
  • Compared lymphocyte counts, platelet counts, and platelet function (response to ADP and collagen) between groups.

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Main Results:

  • Severe Lassa fever patients showed statistically significant depressed lymphocyte counts compared to mild cases and febrile controls.
  • Moderate thrombocytopenia was observed in severe Lassa fever patients.
  • Platelet function was markedly depressed in severe Lassa fever patients, particularly in response to ADP and collagen, often maximal upon hospital admission.

Conclusions:

  • Depressed lymphocyte counts and impaired platelet function are characteristic of severe Lassa fever.
  • Platelet dysfunction may be an early event in the pathogenesis of severe Lassa fever.
  • These findings highlight potential diagnostic markers for disease severity.