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Association between obesity categories with cardiovascular disease and its related risk factors in the MASHAD cohort
Hamideh Ghazizadeh1,2, Seyed Mohammad Reza Mirinezhad3, Zahra Asadi1
1Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Insights
Obesity significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and events. Over six years, increasing obesity correlated with more CVD events, with women facing nearly double the risk compared to men.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading global cause of death.
- Obesity is a major, growing risk factor for CVD.
- Understanding obesity's impact on CVD is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between obesity categories and CVD risk factors.
- To evaluate the relationship between obesity and the incidence of CVD over time.
Main Methods:
- The MASHAD cohort study enrolled 9549 adults (35-65 years).
- Participants were categorized based on WHO criteria for body mass index and waist circumference.
- Logistic and Cox regression models analyzed CVD occurrence and incidence related to obesity.
Main Results:
- Higher obesity categories correlated with adverse lipid profiles (high total cholesterol, triglycerides; low HDL) and higher fasting blood glucose in both genders.
- Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension was observed across obesity categories.
- Women with severe obesity showed a significantly higher risk of CVD (HR: 1.91).
Conclusions:
- Obesity is a strong predictor of multiple CVD risk factors.
- A dose-response relationship exists between increasing obesity and CVD events.
- Women with higher degrees of obesity experience a substantially elevated risk of cardiovascular events compared to men.
Background:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity is an important CVD risk factor and is increasing in prevalence.
Methods:
In this study, 3829 men and 5720 women (35-65 years) were enrolled as part of the MASHAD cohort study. Four categories were identified according to body mass index and waist circumference that was defined by the World Health Organization. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of CVD, and Cox regression model was used to evaluate the association of obesity with CVD incidence.
Results:
We found that the higher risk groups defined by categories of adiposity were significantly related to a higher prevalence of a high serum total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both genders and a higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in women (P < .001). Additionally, a high percentage of participants with dyslipidemia, high LDL, high TC, and low HDL and a high percentage of participants with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, and a high serum TG were observed across obesity categories (P < .001). Moreover, women with the very high degrees of obesity had a greater risk of CVD (HR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.06-3.43, P = .03).
Conclusion:
Obesity strongly predicts several CVD risk factors. Following 6 years of follow-up, in individuals within increasing degrees of obesity, there was a corresponding significant increase in CVD events, rising to approximately a twofold higher risk of cardiovascular events in women compared with men.
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