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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

A Fluorescence-based Assay of Phospholipid Scramblase Activity
Published on: September 20, 2016
Flippase and scramblase for phosphatidylserine exposure
Shigekazu Nagata1, Takaharu Sakuragi1, Katsumori Segawa1
1Laboratory of Biochemistry & Immunology, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Abstract:
In various biological processes, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) that is normally sequestered to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM) is exposed to the cell surface. When platelets are activated, they expose PtdSer to activate the blood-clotting factors. Cells undergoing apoptosis and senescent neutrophils expose PtdSer that is recognized as an 'eat me' signal by phagocytes for clearance. The PtdSer-exposure and its internalization are mediated by phospholipid scramblases and flippases, respectively. Both have recently been molecularly identified, and their functional mechanism and physiological roles are being elucidated.
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