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Therapeutic prospects of hydroxytyrosol on experimentally induced diabetic testicular damage: potential interplay
Amira E Alsemeh1, Mai A Samak2, Samaa Salah Abd El-Fatah3
1Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, alzhor, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt. Dr_Amira_2008@yahoo.com.
Abstract:
Male reproductive dysfunction represents one of the overlooked consequences of diabetes that still deserve more scientific attention. We designed this study to explore the therapeutic potential of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on diabetic testicular damage and to investigate its relationship with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. In this context, 30 adult male Wistar rats were utilized and subdivided into control, diabetic and HT-treated diabetic groups. Testicular sections were prepared for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA, androgen receptors and caspase-3. We also assessed oxidative enzymatic and lipid peroxidation biochemical profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility. Real-time PCR of AMPK expression in tissue homogenate was performed. We observed that HT restored testicular histopathological structure and significantly reduced oxidative DNA damage and the apoptotic index. The HT-treated group also exhibited significantly higher Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA and androgen receptor immune expression than the diabetic group. A rescue of the oxidative enzymatic activity, lipid peroxidation profiles, sperm count, morphology and motility to control levels was also evident in the HT-treated group. Significant upregulation of AMPK mRNA expression in the HT-treated group clarified the role of AMPK as an underlying molecular interface of the ameliorative effects of HT. We concluded that HT exhibited tangible antioxidant and antiapoptotic impacts on the testicular cytomorphological and immunohistochemical effects of experimentally induced diabetes. Furthermore, AMPK has an impactful role in the molecular machinery of these effects.
Insights
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) shows promise in treating diabetes-induced testicular damage by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study highlights hydroxytyrosol
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for male reproductive dysfunction.
- Diabetic testicular damage involves oxidative stress, apoptosis, and impaired spermatogenesis.
- Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a natural phenolic compound, possesses antioxidant properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the therapeutic effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on diabetic testicular damage in a rat model.
- To explore the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mediating HT's protective effects.
- To assess the impact of HT on oxidative stress markers, sperm parameters, and testicular histology in diabetic rats.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Wistar rats were divided into control, diabetic, and HT-treated diabetic groups.
- Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of testicular tissues were performed.
- Biochemical assays for oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were conducted.
- Sperm count, morphology, and motility were evaluated.
- AMPK gene expression was quantified using real-time PCR.
Main Results:
- HT treatment significantly ameliorated testicular histopathological damage in diabetic rats.
- HT administration reduced oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) and the apoptotic index (caspase-3).
- HT treatment restored Sertoli cell vimentin, myoid cell α-SMA, and androgen receptor expression.
- Biochemical profiles, sperm parameters, and AMPK mRNA expression were significantly improved in the HT-treated group.
Conclusions:
- Hydroxytyrosol (HT) demonstrates significant antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects against diabetes-induced testicular damage.
- AMPK plays a crucial role in mediating the protective mechanisms of HT in the diabetic testes.
- HT represents a potential therapeutic agent for managing male reproductive complications associated with diabetes.
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