Textile dyeing industry: environmental impacts and remediation

Area of Science:

• Textile Chemistry
• Environmental Science
• Industrial Ecology

Background:

• Synthetic dyestuffs offer vibrant colors and durability in textiles but pose significant environmental risks.
• Textile dyeing effluent contains toxic compounds like heavy metals, formaldehyde, and non-biodegradable auxiliaries, leading to severe water pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review textile dyeing processes, water consumption, pollution challenges, and treatment methods.
• To explore innovative, eco-friendly alternatives and ecosystems for sustainable textile dyeing.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of textile dyeing processes, environmental impacts, and remediation technologies.
• Analysis of water consumption, pollution parameters, and emerging eco-friendly dyeing systems.

Main Results:

• Textile dyeing generates highly toxic effluent, causing water turbidity, harming marine ecosystems, and reducing soil productivity.
• Current treatment methods are insufficient to address the complex pollution load from synthetic dyes.

Conclusions:

• Urgent need for innovation in textile dyeing to mitigate environmental damage.
• Exploration of alternative ecosystems, including biocolors, natural mordants, and waterless dyeing, is essential for a sustainable future.