The association between changes in functional capacity and work ability among unemployed individuals

Area of Science:

• Occupational health
• Rehabilitation science
• Social determinants of health

Background:

• Unemployment presents multifaceted challenges impacting individuals' overall well-being.
• Understanding the relationship between functioning and work ability is crucial for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between changes in perceived work ability and various aspects of functioning among unemployed individuals.
• To identify factors influencing improvements in work ability during unemployment support programs.

Main Methods:

• A cohort of 502 unemployed individuals (aged 19-64) participated in European Social Fund-funded projects.
• Participants completed questionnaires on work ability (Work Ability Score) and functioning (cognitive, psychological, social, physical, daily activities) at baseline and follow-up (mean 173 days).

Main Results:

• Work ability and most functioning aspects improved, except physical condition.
• Changes in cognitive, psychological functioning, physical condition, and daily activities were significantly linked to work ability changes.
• Physical condition demonstrated the strongest association with work ability changes. Shorter unemployment and better perceived health positively impacted Work Ability Score.

Conclusions:

• Maintaining and improving health and functioning are key to enhancing work ability.
• Reducing unemployment duration is vital for increasing re-employability potential.
• Interventions should focus on holistic well-being to support the return to work.