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Related Concept Videos

Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
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The Two-State Receptor Model01:29

The Two-State Receptor Model

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The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to induce or inhibit a biological response. When no natural ligands are present, a receptor exists in an equilibrium of inactive (Ri) and active (Ra) conformations. The inactive form does not produce a response, while the active form generates a basal effect known as constitutive activity.
The binding affinity of a drug determines its interaction with...
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Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins01:22

Activation and Inactivation of G Proteins

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Heterotrimeric G proteins are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. As the name suggests, heterotrimeric G proteins are composed of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. They remain GDP-bound or GTP-bound inside the cells and switch between inactive/active states. The Gα subunit possesses the nucleotide-binding pocket that binds guanine nucleotides and switches between GDP or GTP-bound states. In contrast, the Gꞵ and Gγ subunits are always bound together with high...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

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Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms
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Collecting Variable-concentration Isothermal Titration Calorimetry Datasets in Order to Determine Binding Mechanisms

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Corrigendum: TACI Isoforms Regulate Ligand Binding and Receptor Function.

Yolanda Garcia-Carmona1, Adrian T Ting1, Lin Radigan1

  • 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previous article DOI. The corrected DOI ensures accurate citation and retrieval of scientific information for researchers.

Keywords:
B cellTACITLR9activationisoforms

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Area of Science:

  • Correction of scientific literature
  • Digital Object Identifier (DOI) management

Context:

  • Ensuring the integrity of scientific records
  • Accurate citation practices in research

Purpose:

  • To provide the correct DOI for a published article
  • To facilitate proper referencing and access to research findings

Summary:

  • The article DOI has been corrected to 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02125.
  • This correction ensures the article can be accurately located and cited by the scientific community.

Impact:

  • Improved discoverability of the research article
  • Enhanced credibility and reliability of scientific publications
  • Facilitation of scholarly communication and knowledge dissemination