Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

10.3K
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
10.3K
Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

Muscle Recovery and Fatigue

3.9K
Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
3.9K
Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

2.6K
During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
2.6K
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

3.1K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
3.1K
Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

26.7K
Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
26.7K
Carbohydrate Catabolism01:30

Carbohydrate Catabolism

883
Carbohydrate catabolism is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism that enables energy extraction from glucose through two primary pathways: cellular respiration and fermentation. Both pathways begin with glycolysis, which operates independently of oxygen availability.Glycolysis: A Shared Starting PointGlycolysis is an oxygen-independent process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules is...
883

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical features and pathogenesis of Sjogrens disease related peripheral neuropathy and their relevance to clinical trials.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Risk of intestinal involvement in mucocutaneous-onset Behçet's disease: data from the AIDA network registry.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

A multispecialty consensus-based red flag checklist for the early recognition of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Application of machine learning techniques to explore the occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome in Still's disease: results from the GIRRCS AOSD Study Group and the AIDA Network Still's Disease Registry.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

DNA methylation-mediated memory of obesity in CD4 T lymphocytes perpetuates immune dysregulation.

EMBO reports·2026
Same author

Updated BJP guidelines for transparent and rigorous natural product research.

British journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Tools for computational analysis of moving boundary problems in cellular mechanobiology.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
Same journal

Cellular reprogramming: Mathematics meets medicine.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
Same journal

Thermoregulation: A journey from physiology to computational models and the intensive care unit.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
Same journal

Mammalian cell and tissue imaging using Raman and coherent Raman microscopy.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
Same journal

Regulating cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate: "Sources," "sinks," and now, "tunable valves".

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
Same journal

Molecular networks in Network Medicine: Development and applications.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicine·2020
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue
06:18

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Published on: June 21, 2018

11.9K

Lactate: Fueling the fire starter.

Michelangelo Certo1, Giancarlo Marone2,3, Amato de Paulis4,5

  • 1Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic intermediates like lactate, once viewed as waste, are now known to signal and regulate immune responses. Targeting these lactate pathways offers new strategies for managing inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer immunity.

Keywords:
immunityinflammationlactatemetabolismtumor

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advances in Brain Energy Metabolism Research Using the Drosophila Model
07:18

Author Spotlight: Advances in Brain Energy Metabolism Research Using the Drosophila Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

1.1K
Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
14:42

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue
06:18

Mapping Metabolism: Monitoring Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Directly in Tissue

Published on: June 21, 2018

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Advances in Brain Energy Metabolism Research Using the Drosophila Model
07:18

Author Spotlight: Advances in Brain Energy Metabolism Research Using the Drosophila Model

Published on: October 27, 2023

1.1K
Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems
14:42

Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Refractive Index or Mass Spectrometric Detection for Metabolite Profiling in Lysate-based Cell-free Systems

Published on: September 23, 2021

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biological Mechanisms
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Metabolic intermediates can function as signaling molecules influencing immune responses.
  • Lactate, previously considered a metabolic waste product, plays a crucial role in immune cell regulation.
  • Lactate impacts immune cell polarization, differentiation, and effector functions, and modulates tumor immune surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the signaling role of lactate in immune responses.
  • To underscore lactate's involvement in tumor immune surveillance.
  • To propose targeting lactate-induced pathways for therapeutic benefit.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating evidence on lactate's role in biological processes.
  • Analysis of lactate's impact on immune cell functions.
  • Exploration of lactate's modulation of tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • Lactate actively regulates immune cell polarization, differentiation, and effector functions.
  • Lactate is a key mediator in modulating tumor immune surveillance.
  • Lactate-derived signaling pathways influence immune outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Lactate is a critical signaling molecule in immunity.
  • Targeting lactate-induced signaling pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • This approach may reduce inflammation, prevent autoimmunity, and restore anti-tumor immunity.