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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.3K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

4.6K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
4.6K
Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

1.1K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
1.1K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

2.0K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
2.0K
Colloids03:22

Colloids

20.4K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
20.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.2K

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

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Colloidal Crystal "Alloys".

Shunzhi Wang, Jingshan S Du, Nicolas J Diercks

    Journal of the American Chemical Society
    |December 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Researchers created "colloidal crystal alloys" using DNA-modified nanoparticles, programmable atom equivalents (PAEs), and electron equivalents (EEs). This breakthrough enables predictable formation of diverse alloy phases for advanced materials design.

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    Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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    Area of Science:

    • Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • DNA-nanoparticle conjugates enable precise assembly of superlattices.
    • Formation of colloidal
    • ionic
    • phases is established, but
    • alloy
    • phase formation is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and synthesize
    • colloidal crystal alloys
    • using different-sized gold nanoparticles as programmable atom equivalents (PAEs).
    • To establish design guidelines for predictable alloy phase formation.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles of varying sizes.
    • Assembly of PAEs with electron equivalents (EEs).
    • Characterization using electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS).

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated formation of four colloidal alloy classes: interstitial, substitutional, phase-separated, and intermetallic.
    • Identified key parameters influencing alloy phase formation: PAE size ratio, DNA coverage, stoichiometry, and annealing.
    • Investigated phase separation kinetics using in situ SAXS and ex situ electron microscopy.

    Conclusions:

    • Established a framework for creating programmable colloidal crystal alloys.
    • Developed chemical design guidelines analogous to Hume-Rothery rules for alloys.
    • Highlighted the importance of kinetics in controlling phase behavior of colloidal alloys.