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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

A High-Fidelity Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation Following Donation after Circulatory Death
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Why DCD Donors Are Dead.

John P Lizza1

  • 1Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) is ethically permissible. Irreversibility in DCD means permanent cessation of circulation and respiration, respecting patient autonomy and the definition of death as loss of consciousness.

Keywords:
deathirreversibilityorgan donationorgan transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Ethics
  • Philosophy of Medicine
  • Organ Donation

Background:

  • Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) faces ethical challenges regarding the "dead-donor" rule.
  • Critics argue that artificial restoration of circulation and respiration violates the irreversibility criterion for death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To defend organ donation after circulatory death against criticism.
  • To propose an interpretation of "irreversibility" that supports DCD.
  • To explore the relationship between death, consciousness, and medical technology.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation
  • Ethical analysis
  • Interpretation of medical-ethical principles
  • Engagement with objections regarding the definition of death

Main Results:

  • Interpreting "irreversibility" as permanent cessation of circulation and respiration aligns with medical-ethical considerations and respect for do-not-resuscitate orders.
  • Loss of circulation and respiration leads to irreversible loss of consciousness, signifying the death of the person.
  • Advances in medical technology necessitate a broader understanding of death beyond purely biological terms, incorporating ethical and ontological considerations.

Conclusions:

  • Organ donation after circulatory death is ethically permissible when "irreversibility" is understood as permanent cessation of vital functions.
  • Patient autonomy, particularly do-not-resuscitate orders, must be respected in the context of organ donation.
  • The definition and determination of death are influenced by ethical and ontological factors, not solely biological ones, especially with modern medical advancements.