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Pharmacogenomics in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic literature review

N Bastida-Lertxundi1, I O Leizaola-Cardesa, J Hernando-Vázquez

  • 1Department of Genetics, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain. ggomez@ugr.es.

European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Genetic factors moderately impact medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). While studies found associations with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), further research with larger sample sizes is needed to clarify genetic contributions to ONJ.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a severe adverse effect linked to bisphosphonates, antiresorptive, and antiangiogenic drugs.
  • The exact causes of ONJ are unknown, but genetic factors are suspected.
  • ONJ affects patients with osteoporosis or neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on genetic factors associated with ONJ.
  • To synthesize findings from case-control studies investigating genetic predispositions to ONJ.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of articles published between 2008 and 2018.
  • Inclusion of fifteen case-control studies focusing on genetic factors in ONJ.
  • Analysis of studies using genome-centered and gene-centered approaches.

Main Results:

  • Nine out of fifteen studies identified statistically significant associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ONJ.
  • Studies employed diverse genetic techniques, including genome-centered and gene-centered variant investigations.
  • No consensus was reached among studies regarding specific genes linked to ONJ.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors appear to have a moderate influence on the development of ONJ.
  • Significant heterogeneity exists in current research methodologies and findings.
  • Future research necessitates international collaboration for larger sample sizes and robust study designs to advance ONJ understanding and patient risk stratification.

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