Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Direct C-H α-Arylation of Enones with ArI(O2CR)2 Reagents
Felipe Cesar Sousa E Silva1, Nguyen T Van1, Sarah E Wengryniuk1
1Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States.
Abstract:
α-Arylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones constitutes a powerful synthetic transformation. It is most commonly achieved via cross-coupling of α-haloenones, but this stepwise strategy requires prefunctionalized substrates and expensive catalysts. Direct enone C-H α-arylation would offer an atom- and step-economical alternative, but such reports are scarce. Herein we report the metal-free direct C-H arylation of enones mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. The reaction proceeds via a reductive iodonium Claisen rearrangement of in situ-generated β-pyridinium silyl enol ethers. The aryl groups are derived from ArI(O2CCF3)2 reagents, which are readily accessed from the parent iodoarenes. The reaction is tolerant of a wide range of substitution patterns, and the incorporated arenes maintain the valuable iodine functional handle. Mechanistic investigations implicate arylation via an umpoled "enolonium" species and show that the presence of a β-pyridinium moiety is critical for the desired C-C bond formation.
Related Concept Videos
α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
Acid-Catalyzed α-Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones
In the first step of the mechanism, the acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen resulting in a resonance-stabilized cation, which subsequently loses an α-hydrogen to form an enol tautomer. The C=C bond in an enol is highly nucleophilic because of the electron-donating nature of the –OH group. Consequently, the double bond attacks an electrophilic halogen to form a...
Cyclohexenones via Michael Addition and Aldol Condensation: The Robinson Annulation
Stereochemical Effects of Enolization
Synthesis of α-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds: The Stork Enamine Reaction
Reactivity of Enols

