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Related Experiment Video

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A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Probabilistic rejection templates in visual working memory.

Andrey Chetverikov1, Gianluca Campana2, Árni Kristjánsson3

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Cognitive Research Lab, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia.

Cognition
|December 17, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Humans form probabilistic templates in visual working memory to guide attention. These templates accurately reflect complex environmental feature distributions, not just averages or single peaks.

Keywords:
Attentional templatesProbabilistic representationsSummary statisticsVisual ensemblesVisual searchVisual working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Attention and visual working memory guide interactions with the visual world.
  • Task-relevant features are stored as templates, but their nature is debated.
  • A recent proposal suggests templates are probabilistic representations reflecting environmental probabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if observers can rapidly form an internal model of a complex, bimodal distractor feature distribution.
  • To determine if observers encode the full distribution, a single peak, or an average of the distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed observer representations by measuring visual search slowing when target features matched distractor templates.
  • Distractor stimuli were randomly drawn from a bimodal probability distribution on each trial.
  • Used two targets per trial to test encoding of the full distribution, one peak, or the average.

Main Results:

  • Visual search was significantly slower when targets matched the two modes of a prior distractor distribution.
  • Targets at distribution modes were reported later than targets between modes, which were reported later than targets outside the range.
  • This indicates observers represent both distribution modes, not just a single peak or summary statistics.

Conclusions:

  • Observers form accurate internal models reflecting the full probabilistic nature of complex visual environments.
  • Probabilistic visual working memory templates dynamically adapt to task demands and accurately represent input probabilities.
  • Findings challenge simple decision rules for tasks like odd-one-out search with repeated distractors.