Counterstereotyping can change children's thinking about boys' and girls' toy preferences

Children think that peers prefer gender-stereotypical toys over gender-counterstereotypical toys. These beliefs can limit children's exploration of gender-counterstereotypical behaviors and prevent the development of broad skills and interests. The current research tested interventions to combat gender-based stereotyping about toys among children aged 4 to 7 years (N = 373). Across four experiments featuring seven different intervention versions, participants saw videos where a teacher provided counterstereotypical messages about toy preferences (e.g., "boys like dolls," "girls like trucks"). The phrasing of the messages (e.g., generic vs. demonstrative) and accompanying photographs (e.g., images of many children vs. one child) varied across experiments. In all intervention conditions, participants made more counterstereotypical (and fewer stereotypical) predictions about peers' toy preferences after viewing intervention videos; differences in the phrasing of the intervention message (e.g., "boys like dolls" vs. "this kid likes dolls") had little effect on participants' predictions. In Experiment 4, an intervention condition containing generic phrasing and gender noun labels (e.g., "boys like dolls") changed children's selection of toys for peers. This research provides promise for counterstereotyping as an impactful and easily implementable intervention strategy.