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The Microbiota and Cancer Cachexia.

Kelly M Herremans1, Andrea N Riner1, Miles E Cameron1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Room 6165, PO Box 100109, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer cachexia, a syndrome of weight loss and inflammation, is linked to gut microbiota changes. Manipulating gut bacteria, like with fecal microbiota transplant, may offer future cancer cachexia treatments.

Keywords:
cancer cachexiadysbiosisfecal microbiota transplantationgut barrier dysfunctionmicrobiotamuscle wastingprebioticsprobioticssystemic inflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle wasting, and inflammation, significantly impacting advanced cancer patients.
  • It is associated with poor treatment outcomes, reduced survival, and diminished quality of life.
  • The gut microbiota and its imbalance (dysbiosis) are increasingly implicated in cancer cachexia pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the gut microbiota in cancer cachexia.
  • To identify specific bacterial changes associated with the cachexia phenotype.
  • To review potential microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for cancer cachexia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cancer cachexia and gut microbiota.
  • Identification of bacterial taxa linked to cancer cachexia, including decreased Lactobacillales and increased Enterobacteriaceae and Parabacteroides.
  • Exploration of therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Dysbiosis is a key factor in cancer cachexia, influencing inflammation, gut barrier function, and muscle wasting.
  • Specific microbial profiles, such as reduced Lactobacillales and elevated Enterobacteriaceae/Parabacteroides, are associated with cancer cachexia.
  • Prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) show promise in preclinical models.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development and progression of cancer cachexia.
  • Targeting the gut microbiota, particularly through FMT, represents a promising avenue for novel cancer cachexia therapies.
  • Further research is crucial to develop effective microbiota-based treatments to improve patient outcomes.