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Energy Budgets

Energy Budgets

Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...

Light Acquisition

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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Heating and Cooling Curves

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...

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Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

Regulation of Transpiration by Stomata

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During photosynthesis, plants acquire the necessary carbon dioxide and release the produced oxygen back into the atmosphere. Openings in the epidermis of plant leaves is the site of this exchange of gasses. A single opening is called a stoma—derived from the Greek word for “mouth.” Stomata open and close in response to a variety of environmental cues.

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Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

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tealeaves: an R package for modelling leaf temperature using energy budgets.

Christopher D Muir¹

¹Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.

|December 18, 2019

Summary

A new R package, tealeaves, makes complex leaf energy budget models accessible to plant scientists. This tool aids research into leaf thermal physiology, optimizing photosynthesis and preventing plant damage.

Keywords:

Boundary layer R energy balance leaf size leaf temperature mathematical model plant leaves plant physiology

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Area of Science:

Plant Physiology
Computational Biology
Ecology

Background:

Plants require precise leaf temperature regulation for photosynthesis, water balance, and protection against thermal stress.
Leaf energy budget models offer insights into plant thermal physiology but often lack accessible computational tools.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce the R package tealeaves to simplify the application of leaf energy budget models.
Enhance accessibility of complex biophysical models for plant scientists.
Facilitate research in leaf thermal physiology.

Main Methods:

Development of an open-source R package named tealeaves.
Implementation of user-friendly interfaces for novice and expert users.
Integration with existing R tools for scientific computing.

Main Results:

The tealeaves package provides accessible computational tools for leaf energy budget modeling.
It allows both beginners and experienced researchers to analyze leaf thermal properties.
The software is freely available and adaptable for diverse research needs.

Conclusions:

tealeaves democratizes the use of sophisticated leaf energy budget models.
This tool is expected to drive advancements in understanding plant responses to thermal environments.
Future updates will expand the package's capabilities for plant science research.