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Differentiation between maxillary and malar midface position within the facial profile.

Chimène Chalala1, Joseph G Ghafari2

  • 1Departments of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Lebanese University and American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.

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|December 18, 2019
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Summary

This study defines midfacial position using cephalometric analysis, identifying distinct craniofacial characteristics for flat and full midfaces. These findings aid in facial diagnosis and treatment planning for orthodontic patients.

Keywords:
Cephalometric landmarksMaxillary flatnessMaxillary fullnessMidface position

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Cephalometric Analysis
  • Facial Morphology

Background:

  • Accurate definition of midfacial skeletal position is crucial for diagnosing craniofacial anomalies.
  • Differentiating between maxillary and zygomatic regions is key to understanding midfacial aesthetics and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish definitions for midfacial position, distinguishing between maxillary and zygomatic regions.
  • To evaluate cephalometric characteristics associated with midfacial flatness and fullness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 183 pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs from non-growing orthodontic patients.
  • Stratification of patients into four groups (flat, normal-flat, normal-full, full) based on specific cephalometric measurements (NJ, SJ, NG, SG).
  • Statistical analysis using the Kendall tau-b test to determine associations between measurements.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences in measurements were found between flat and full midface groups.
  • High associations were observed between NJ and SJ (τb = 0.71) and NG and SG (τb = 0.70).
  • Flat midfaces are associated with cranial base canting, hyperdivergence, and maxillary retrognathism, while fuller midfaces show the opposite.

Conclusions:

  • Midfacial skeletal position can be differentially assessed in naso-maxillary and malar-zygomatic structures.
  • Specific craniofacial characteristics are linked to midfacial classifications, suggesting clinical applicability.
  • Further validation using 3D cone-beam computed tomography is recommended.