A novel picornavirus identified in wild Macaca mulatta in China

The discovery of novel viruses in wild animals allows the prediction of their potential threat to the health of humans and other animals. We report a highly divergent picornavirus (tentatively named "mobovirus A"), identified in a fecal sample from Macaca mulatta in Yunnan province, China, using viral metagenomic analysis, with viral loads of 2 × 10⁷ copies/g. The complete genomic sequence of mobovirus A is 8,325 nucleotides in length. Phylogenetic analysis showed that it clustered with Guangxi changeable lizard picornavirus 1 and Guangxi Chinese leopard gecko picornavirus, with less than 38%, 40%, and 40% amino acid identity in the P1, P2, and P3 protein, respectively. The viruses in this cluster were most closely related to members of the genera Harkavirus, Tremovirus and Hepatovirus. Genomic analysis revealed that mobovirus A has the typical genomic organization and motifs of a picornavirus. Additionally, its codon usage bias complements that of M. mulatta, suggesting that this feature is not restricted only to hepatoviruses. Thus, according to the guidelines of the Picornaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, mobovirus A should be considered a member of a new genus (tentatively named for Monkey-borne virus, "Mobovirus") in the family Picornaviridae. These data will facilitate the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of picornaviruses. Further studies are needed to understand the epidemiology and potential pathogenicity of the virus in M. mulatta.