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Comparison Between Multicomponent Exercise and Walking Interventions in Long-Term Nursing Homes: A Randomized

Chloe Rezola-Pardo1, Ana Rodriguez-Larrad1, Julen Gomez-Diaz2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa (Bizkaia), Spain.

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Multicomponent exercise programs significantly improved physical function in nursing home residents compared to walking alone. Both interventions enhanced mood and quality of life, but the combined approach yielded superior physical gains.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Science
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Long-term nursing home (LTNH) residents often experience functional and cognitive decline.
  • Exercise interventions show promise in counteracting this decline.
  • Identifying the most effective exercise type is crucial for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise intervention versus a walking intervention.
  • To assess impacts on physical and cognitive performance, physical activity, mood, and quality of life.
  • To guide optimal exercise strategies for LTNH residents.

Main Methods:

  • A 3-month single-blind randomized controlled trial with 81 participants across 9 LTNHs.
  • Participants were assigned to either a multicomponent group (strength and balance exercises twice weekly) or a walking group (daily walking up to 20 min).
  • Primary outcome: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); Secondary outcomes: other physical tests, cognitive function, physical activity, mood, and quality of life.

Main Results:

  • The multicomponent group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in physical performance, including SPPB scores, compared to the walking group.
  • No significant differences were found between groups in cognitive performance or habitual physical activity.
  • Both groups experienced improvements in anxiety levels and quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Multicomponent exercise interventions are more effective than walking-only interventions for improving physical function in LTNH residents.
  • Both intervention types can positively impact affective function and quality of life.
  • Individualized, progressive walking programs may be a viable alternative for maintaining function where multicomponent programs are not feasible.