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[Fetal alcohol exposure: when placenta would help to the early diagnosis of child brain impairments]

Camille Sautreuil1, Annie Laquerrière2, Matthieu Lecuyer1

  • 1Inserm U1245, Équipe 4, Rouen Université, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|December 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Early diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is crucial. Impaired fetal brain angiogenesis due to prenatal alcohol exposure suggests new placental biomarkers for timely FASD detection and care.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Prenatal alcohol exposure causes significant neurodevelopmental and behavioral disabilities.
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), but most children with FASD are underdiagnosed or diagnosed late.
  • Delayed diagnosis of FASD leads to missed opportunities for critical early intervention and care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the placenta-brain axis in fetal neurodevelopment.
  • To explore the impact of in utero alcohol exposure on fetal brain angiogenesis.
  • To identify potential placental biomarkers for the early diagnosis of FASD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent preclinical and clinical data on the placenta-brain axis.
  • Analysis of the effects of alcohol on fetal brain angiogenesis.
  • Exploration of potential diagnostic applications of placental biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • A functional placenta-brain axis regulates fetal brain angiogenesis.
  • Alcohol exposure during pregnancy impairs this crucial process.
  • Impaired angiogenesis is linked to neurodevelopmental deficits in FASD.

Conclusions:

  • The placenta-brain axis is a critical pathway affected by prenatal alcohol.
  • Impaired fetal brain angiogenesis presents a potential target for early FASD diagnosis.
  • Placental biomarkers offer a promising avenue for the early detection of FASD, enabling timely intervention.

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