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Gynaecological malignancies and sentinel lymph node mapping: an update.

Elizabeth D Euscher1, Anais Malpica1

  • 1Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.

Histopathology
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy offers prognostic insights for gynecological cancers, potentially reducing complications from extended lymph node dissection. This review covers clinical and pathological elements of SLN biopsy in these cancers.

Keywords:
adenocarcinomacancercervicalendometrial carcinomaendometriummelanomaovarysentinel nodesquamous carcinomavulva

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Pelvic, para-aortic, or inguinal lymph node (LN) assessment is crucial for cancer prognosis and guiding adjuvant therapy.
  • Extended LN dissection can lead to significant patient morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and pathological aspects of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in gynecological cancer.
  • To highlight SLN biopsy as a method to obtain prognostic information while minimizing surgical morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical and pathological studies on SLN biopsy in gynecological malignancies.
  • Synthesis of current evidence regarding SLN identification, analysis, and impact on patient management.

Main Results:

  • SLN biopsy can accurately provide prognostic information regarding lymph node metastasis.
  • SLN biopsy demonstrates reduced morbidity compared to traditional extended lymph node dissection.

Conclusions:

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a viable alternative to extended lymph node dissection for staging gynecological cancers.
  • SLN biopsy offers accurate staging and prognostic information with decreased patient morbidity, improving treatment decisions.