Resveratrol attenuates neuroinflammation after deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest in rats

Deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest (DHCA) in cardiac surgery may exert a significant burden on the neuroinflammation which can cause brain injury. Resveratrol is a natural product and acts as a neuroprotective agent to suppress inflammatory response in brain. Even so, the specific mechanism regarding brain protective effect of resveratrol in DHCA is still unclear. In the current research, we tested brain protective function of resveratrol on neuroinflammation and cognition in rat DHCA model or hypothermic oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. The activation of microglial, cell apoptosis, inflammation in brain and circulation, NF-κB pathway were evaluated. We found that resveratrol treatment improved neurocognitive function and attenuated the neuroinflammation, cell apoptosis, microglial activation and NF-κB pathway after DHCA. The in vitro studies showed that resveratrol had similar neuroprotective effect in hypothermic OGD model. Importantly, we also found that the modulation of TRAF6 and RIP1 ubiquitination by A20 was playing a pivotal role in relation to the mechanism of resveratrol inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Thus, resveratrol expands the horizons for exploring treatment tactics to avert or restrict brain injury and related neurocognitive obstacles after DHCA.