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Updated: Jan 1, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

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Neuro-Ophthalmologic Complications of Giant Cell Arteritis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Alexander S Fein1, Melissa W Ko2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai St. Luke's-West, New York.

Seminars in Neurology
|December 18, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a common large-vessel vasculitis affecting older adults, potentially causing vision loss. Tocilizumab shows promise for GCA remission and reducing steroid use.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most prevalent vasculitis in individuals aged 50 and older.
  • It affects large and medium-sized arteries, particularly cranial vessels, and can lead to visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of Giant cell arteritis.
  • To highlight current and emerging therapeutic strategies for GCA.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on American College of Rheumatology criteria, including clinical findings, biopsy, and inflammatory markers.
  • Noninvasive imaging like Doppler ultrasound and MRI are increasingly utilized.
  • Current treatment involves glucocorticoids, with newer agents showing efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, demonstrates significant potential for inducing GCA remission.
  • This biologic therapy may reduce the need for long-term glucocorticoid treatment.
  • Emerging therapies like abatacept and ustekinumab are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Giant cell arteritis requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent complications.
  • Tocilizumab represents a significant advancement in GCA treatment, offering an alternative to prolonged steroid use.
  • Further research into novel therapies will expand treatment options for GCA patients.

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