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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
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Update on Ocular Myasthenia Gravis.

Meabh O'Hare1, Christopher Doughty1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston.

Seminars in Neurology
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) involves eye muscle weakness due to an autoimmune attack on the neuromuscular junction. Diagnosis relies heavily on clinical evaluation due to often inconclusive tests.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction.
  • Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is a subtype where symptoms are confined to the eye muscles.
  • OMG accounts for 15% of MG cases, presenting with diplopia and/or ptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic approach for ocular myasthenia gravis.
  • To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for OMG.
  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding OMG.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features crucial for OMG diagnosis.
  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including limitations of serologic and electrodiagnostic tests.

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  • Synthesis of therapeutic options and recent research findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Clinical history and examination are paramount for diagnosing OMG.
    • Supportive diagnostic studies for OMG can be frequently nondiagnostic.
    • Recent developments offer new insights into OMG pathogenesis and management.

    Conclusions:

    • A thorough clinical assessment is essential for identifying ocular myasthenia gravis.
    • Effective management of OMG requires a comprehensive understanding of available treatments.
    • Ongoing research continues to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OMG.