Optimization of Flat Ends in Pressure Vessels

Area of Science:

• Mechanical Engineering
• Materials Science

Background:

• Flat ends in pressure vessels exhibit stress concentration at the cylinder-plate junction.
• Existing stress relief grooves lack clear parameter optimization guidelines, leading to plastic deformation in elastic-plastic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate alternative flat end designs for pressure vessels.
• To optimize external rib parameters for stress reduction and elimination of plastic deformation.

Main Methods:

• Parametric optimization was used to determine external rib dimensions.
• Topology optimization was employed for a more general analysis.
• Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations using Ansys were conducted.

Main Results:

• External ribs effectively reduce stress concentration in flat ends.
• Optimized rib designs eliminate plastic deformation, even for elastic-plastic materials.
• The proposed designs enhance pressure vessel safety and operational limits.

Conclusions:

• External ribs represent a viable and effective alternative to traditional stress relief grooves.
• Optimized external rib designs ensure the full elimination of plastic deformation.
• This study provides a pathway to safer and more efficient pressure vessel designs.