Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

1.5K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
1.5K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

890
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
890
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

1.1K
Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
1.1K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

1.6K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
1.6K
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

2.8K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
2.8K
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

497
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
497

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Consensus on acromegaly complications: an update.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Premature utilization of MRI in the workup of mild hyperprolactinemia.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Distribution, severity, and management of joint pain in patients with acromegaly.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Management of endocrine disease: update on the management of pituitary apoplexy.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Approach to the Patient with Cushing's Syndrome: Use of Anticoagulation Therapy.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2025
Same author

Utility of Gallium-68-DOTATATE PET CT in Surveillance of Resected Gastroenteropancreatic NET.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same journal

Evidence-Based Clinical Recommendations for the Appropriate Use of Diagnostic Tests in Pediatric Allergology: Focus on Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Keratoconjunctivitis Vernal.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Surgical and Transcatheter Approach of a Failed Mitral Valve Repair: A Comprehensive Review on Selecting the Most Suitable Approach.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Hybrid Metaheuristic Feature Selection for Breast Cancer Detection in Digital Mammography: A Feasibility Study with Nested Validation, Benchmarking, and External Stress Testing.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Identity Transformation and the Role of Accountability in Recovery from Problematic Pornography Use: A Phenomenological-Hermeneutical Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Does Early Surgical Treatment in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy Have a Favorable Clinical Outcome and Impact on Quality of Life?

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same journal

Shear Wave Elastography in Musculoskeletal Imaging: A Narrative Review.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.4K

Hyperprolactinaemia.

Irene Samperi1,2,3, Kirstie Lithgow1,2,3, Niki Karavitaki1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperprolactinaemia, a common endocrine issue, stems from various causes and requires careful diagnosis. Understanding its impact on bone, metabolism, and immunity guides effective treatment for prolactin excess.

Keywords:
antipsychoticsdopamine agonistshyperprolactinaemiahypogonadismprolactinprolactinoma

More Related Videos

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models
12:57

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.7K
Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area
09:54

Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

Published on: August 10, 2012

26.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

19.4K
X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models
12:57

X-Ray Visualization of Intraductal Ethanol-Based Ablative Treatment for Prevention of Breast Cancer in Rat Models

Published on: December 9, 2022

2.7K
Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area
09:54

Comprehensive Profiling of Dopamine Regulation in Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area

Published on: August 10, 2012

26.3K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology

Background:

  • Hyperprolactinaemia is a frequent clinical endocrinology problem with diverse origins, including physiological, pharmacological, and pathological factors.
  • Accurate diagnosis necessitates thorough patient history, clinical evaluation, and consideration of analytical interferences like macroprolactin or the hook effect.
  • Common pathological causes include medications and sellar/parasellar masses, while implications extend beyond hypogonadism and galactorrhoea to bone health, metabolism, and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current diagnostic and management strategies for hyperprolactinaemia.
  • To update on the impact of elevated prolactin levels on metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune systems.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing patients with hyperprolactinaemia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of diagnostic approaches for hyperprolactinaemia.
  • Analysis of current data on the effects of hyperprolactinaemia on systemic health.
  • Synthesis of management guidelines for various aetiologies of prolactin excess.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic challenges include differentiating true hyperprolactinaemia from analytical artefacts.
  • Pathological hyperprolactinaemia is frequently caused by medications or pituitary region masses.
  • Prolactin excess has recognized effects on gonadal function and bone health, with emerging evidence on metabolic and immune system impacts.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hyperprolactinaemia involves addressing the underlying cause and managing consequences like hypogonadism and potential osteoporosis.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the systemic effects of chronic hyperprolactinaemia.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is often beneficial for comprehensive patient care.