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Real-Time Noninvasive Measurement of Glucose Concentration Using a Modified Hilbert Shaped Microwave Sensor.

Levon Odabashyan1, Arsen Babajanyan1, Zhirayr Baghdasaryan1,2

  • 1Department of Radiophysics, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel microwave glucose sensor utilizing a Hilbert curve design accurately measures glucose concentrations up to 250 mg/dL. This non-invasive sensor shows potential for real-time blood glucose monitoring.

Keywords:
glucometerglucose concentrationmicrowave sensormodified Hilbertreal-timetransmission parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Microwave Engineering
  • Biosensing Technology
  • Electromagnetic Interaction

Background:

  • Accurate glucose monitoring is crucial for diabetes management.
  • Existing methods for glucose detection have limitations in terms of invasiveness and real-time feedback.
  • Development of non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques is highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel microwave glucose sensor for non-invasive glucose concentration measurement.
  • To investigate the performance of the sensor in aqueous solutions across a clinically relevant concentration range.
  • To assess the sensor's stability and potential for real-time monitoring applications.

Main Methods:

  • A microwave glucose sensor was designed using a modified first-order Hilbert curve.
  • Real-time microwave near-field electromagnetic interaction was employed to measure glucose concentration.
  • S21 transmission parameters were analyzed at resonant frequencies near 6 GHz.
  • Temperature effects on sensor performance were investigated and compensated.

Main Results:

  • The sensor accurately determined glucose concentrations in the range of 0-250 mg/dL.
  • A minimum detectable signal of 0.0156 dB/(mg/dL) and a minimum detectable concentration of 1.92 mg/dL were achieved.
  • Temperature instability was analyzed, with correlation coefficients of 0.05 dB/°C and 0.15 dB/°C in different temperature ranges.
  • Simulation results showed comparable performance with a minimum detectable concentration of 1.65 mg/dL.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microwave glucose sensor demonstrates high sensitivity and accuracy for glucose detection.
  • The sensor's design and measurement technique offer a promising approach for non-invasive glucose monitoring.
  • The system is characterized by a low-cost and straightforward fabrication process, indicating significant potential for widespread adoption.