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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

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During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
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Replication in Prokaryotes02:35

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Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement
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Genome-wide Determination of Mammalian Replication Timing by DNA Content Measurement

Published on: January 19, 2017

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Genomic methods for measuring DNA replication dynamics.

Michelle L Hulke1, Dashiell J Massey1, Amnon Koren2

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|December 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding DNA replication timing is key to cell health. New genomic methods reveal how cells accurately and efficiently replicate their DNA, impacting gene expression and stability.

Keywords:
DNA replicationgenomicsreplication originreplication timingsingle cell

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genomic DNA replication follows a temporal program, with early replication linked to active chromatin and gene expression, and late replication to heterochromatin and instability.
  • Accurate measurement of DNA replication dynamics at a genome-wide scale is essential for understanding its mechanisms and cellular consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the advancements in genomic methods for measuring DNA replication timing.
  • To emphasize the importance of these methods in understanding genome replication accuracy and efficiency in eukaryotic cells.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of nucleotide analog incorporation for reconstructing genomic replication timing profiles.
  • DNA copy number analyses to assess replication timing across species and cell types.
  • Emerging assays to directly measure replication origin activity and single-cell replication timing.

Main Results:

  • Established methods accurately reconstruct genomic replication timing profiles.
  • Newer techniques offer insights into replication origin activity and single-cell variations.
  • Replication timing is linked to chromatin state, gene density, gene expression, and genomic instability.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of diverse genomic-scale methods is crucial for a holistic understanding of DNA replication.
  • Advancements in replication timing assays promise to resolve key questions in eukaryotic genome replication.
  • Accurate and efficient genome replication is fundamental for cellular function and stability.