Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: an era of paradigm shift

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that may affect any organ, including the heart. Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is challenging, given the varied and non-specific clinical presentation and limited sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic tests. With the growing interest and developments in imaging techniques, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) have emerged as important tools in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected cardiac sarcoidosis. These modalities have been given increasing emphasis in successive published diagnostic guidelines for CS. This review will provide an update on the recent paradigm shift in diagnostic guidelines for cardiac sarcoidosis, with a focus on the advanced cardiac imaging modalities and their developed role in clinical practice.