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Understanding Addiction Using Animal Models.

Brittany N Kuhn1, Peter W Kalivas1, Ana-Clara Bobadilla1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.

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|December 19, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Preclinical animal models are crucial for understanding drug addiction and developing effective treatments by examining brain circuits and behaviors. This review covers various models, from passive exposure to drug self-administration, aiding in the development of therapies for addiction.

Keywords:
DSM-Vaddiction modelsdrug seeking behaviorpreclinical studiesrelapse activity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Drug addiction is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant personal and economic consequences.
  • Current addiction treatments are often ineffective due to a limited understanding of the underlying brain pathology.
  • Advancing treatment requires deeper insights into drug-induced changes in brain circuits and synaptic physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and critically evaluate common preclinical animal models of addictive behaviors.
  • To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various experimental paradigms used in addiction research.
  • To explore models that mimic craving, relapse, and individual vulnerability to drug abuse.

Main Methods:

  • Review of non-contingent (passive exposure) and contingent (self-administration, relapse) animal models of addiction.
  • Analysis of paradigms simulating craving and relapse using stress, drug cues, and context.
  • Examination of models incorporating alternative rewards, negative consequences, and individual predispositions (e.g., impulsivity, sensation-seeking).
  • Inclusion of models for behavioral addictions like gambling and exercise.
  • Consideration of standardized tests for assessing drug addictive potential in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Preclinical models offer essential experimental platforms for studying addiction at circuit and molecular levels.
  • Contingent models, particularly drug self-administration and relapse paradigms, are widely used to mimic aspects of human addiction.
  • Models incorporating individual vulnerability factors and alternative rewards provide a more nuanced understanding of addiction susceptibility.
  • Behavioral addiction models are increasingly being developed and validated.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are indispensable for advancing our understanding of drug addiction and informing the rational design of novel therapies.
  • A comprehensive evaluation of existing models is necessary to select appropriate tools for specific research questions.
  • Further development and validation of preclinical models are crucial for improving addiction treatment outcomes.
  • These models aid in assessing drug addictive potential and exploring therapeutic strategies.