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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth01:29

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Microbial growth control refers to various methods employed to inhibit, reduce, or eliminate microorganisms to ensure safety and hygiene across different settings. These methods are categorized based on the target environment and the level of microbial control required.Biocides are versatile agents designed to control microorganisms by either inhibiting their growth or outright killing them. These agents work through various physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological mechanisms. The...
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Standard Precaution01:26

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
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A High-throughput Platform for the Screening of Salmonella spp./Shigella spp.
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Translating pathogen knowledge to practice for sanitation decision-making.

Innocent K Tumwebaze1, Joan B Rose2, Nynke Hofstra3

  • 1Water, Health and Applied Microbiology Lab (WHAM Lab), Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Journal of Water and Health
|December 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Sanitation practitioners need better tools and understanding of pathogens for effective decision-making. Engaging stakeholders is key to bridging the gap between scientific literature and practical application in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental science
  • Public health
  • Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

Background:

  • Sanitation planning is crucial for public health outcomes.
  • Existing sanitation planning tools often lack user-friendliness and practical adaptation.
  • There is a gap in understanding pathogen behavior among WASH practitioners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the accessibility of scientific literature on pathogens for sanitation practitioners.
  • To gather feedback on improving decision-support tools for sanitation planning.
  • To enhance the integration of scientific knowledge into WASH practice.

Main Methods:

  • A stakeholder engagement workshop was conducted in Kampala, Uganda.
  • Participants included Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practitioners at various service delivery levels.
  • Feedback was solicited on scientific literature accessibility and decision-support tools.

Main Results:

  • Practitioners reported that most sanitation planning tools are not user-friendly or adapted to their needs.
  • While 68% were familiar with pathogens, only 46% understood fecal coliforms as fecal pollution indicators.
  • Awareness regarding the differing behavior of fecal indicator bacteria versus other pathogens (helminths, protozoa, viruses) was low.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for capacity development regarding pathogens in excreta.
  • Engaging stakeholders is vital for developing effective sanitation planning support tools.
  • Bridging the gap between scientific research and practical application is essential for the WASH sector.