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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

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Informing, simulating experience, or both: A field experiment on phishing risks.

Aurélien Baillon1, Jeroen de Bruin1, Aysil Emirmahmutoglu1

  • 1Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Providing employees with simulated phishing experience or information significantly reduces their risk of falling for attacks. Combining both methods showed no additional benefit in preventing password compromise.

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Area of Science:

  • Information Security
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Organizational Psychology

Background:

  • Cybersecurity threats, particularly phishing, pose significant risks to organizations.
  • Traditional prevention methods like employee awareness training have limitations.
  • Phishing attacks exploit human psychology, making technical solutions insufficient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of information provision and simulated phishing experience in reducing employee susceptibility to phishing attacks.
  • To determine if combining information and simulated experience offers synergistic benefits.
  • To assess practical, human-centric cybersecurity measures.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale field experiment involving over 10,000 employees at a Dutch ministry.
  • Interventions included information provision, simulated phishing attacks (experience), and a combination of both.
  • Measured the proportion of employees who divulged their passwords in simulated phishing attempts.

Main Results:

  • Both information provision and simulated phishing experience significantly decreased the likelihood of employees falling for phishing scams.
  • The combined intervention (information + simulated experience) did not yield a greater reduction in phishing susceptibility compared to individual interventions.
  • The study highlights the effectiveness of experiential learning in cybersecurity.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated phishing experience and direct information provision are effective strategies for mitigating phishing risks.
  • A combined approach does not necessarily enhance protection against phishing attacks.
  • Focusing on human factors through practical training methods is crucial for robust cybersecurity.