Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons

Carbon Skeletons

Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side chains...

The Carbon Cycle

The Carbon Cycle

Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Device-based 24-hour movement behaviours in adult phase III cardiac rehabilitation service-users during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods prospective observational study.

Disability and rehabilitation·2024

Same author

Associations Between Primary Residence and Mental Health in Global Marginalized Populations.

Community mental health journal·2023

Same author

Complication rate among people with diabetes at low risk of foot ulceration in Fife, UK: an analysis of routinely collected data.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2020

Same author

Using avatars in weight management settings: A systematic review.

Internet interventions·2019

Same author

A systematic review of interventions to increase physical activity among South Asian adults.

Public health·2018

Same author

Associations of intention to undertake physical activity among community dwelling British South Asian adults aged 60 years and over: a cross-sectional study.

Public health·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

Published on: November 22, 2016

Dust from carbon fibre.

P F Holt¹, M Horne

¹Department of Chemistry, The University, Reading, England.

Environmental Research

|October 1, 1978

Summary

Processing carbon fibre dust generated minimal respirable fibrous particles. Inhaled carbon fibres remained extracellular in guinea pig lungs without causing pathological effects, suggesting low biological risk.

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Occupational Health
Toxicology

Background:

Carbon fibre composites are vital in the aircraft industry for plastic reinforcement.
Understanding the potential health risks associated with airborne carbon fibre dust is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the respirable dust produced from processing carbon fibre.
To assess the biological fate and potential pathogenicity of inhaled carbon fibre and associated dust particles in vivo.

Main Methods:

Carbon fibre was processed using a hammer mill to generate dust.
Dust characteristics, including particle size and morphology (fibrous vs. non-fibrous), were analyzed.
Inhalation exposure was conducted on guinea pigs, followed by lung tissue analysis over 27 weeks.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

Published on: June 17, 2017

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 23, 2026

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

Testing of Nanoparticle Release from a Composite Containing Nanomaterial Using a Chamber System

Published on: November 22, 2016

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

Published on: June 17, 2017

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

Main Results:

Hammer milling yielded low concentrations of respirable dust, with less than 1% being fibrous carbon particles.
Inhaled non-fibrous particles were phagocytosed by macrophages.
Extracellular, uncoated carbon fibres (>5 microns) persisted in lungs for 27 weeks; transparent fibres formed ferruginous bodies, but no pathological effects were observed.

Conclusions:

Processing carbon fibre generates minimal respirable fibrous dust.
Inhaled carbon fibres appear to be biologically inert, remaining extracellular without inducing pathology.
Associated glass fibres may form ferruginous bodies, but overall, no adverse health effects were noted in this study.