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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Synthesis and Testing of Supported Pt-Cu Solid Solution Nanoparticle Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation
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On-Demand, Ultraselective Hydrogenation System Enabled by Precisely Modulated Pd-Cd Nanocubes.

Yonggang Feng1, Weiwei Xu2, Bolong Huang3

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Jiangsu 215123 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Novel palladium-cadmium (PdCd) nanocubes offer tunable, ultraselective hydrogenation for complex molecules. These efficient nanocatalysts demonstrate excellent reusability and controlled selectivity, paving the way for practical applications in chemical synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing highly selective hydrogenation nanocatalysts for complex substrates is a significant challenge in modern chemistry.
  • Existing catalysts often struggle to achieve desired conversion and selectivity simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report novel palladium-cadmium (PdCd) nanocubes (NCs) for ultraselective hydrogenation reactions.
  • To demonstrate flexible tuning of catalyst performance through composition, morphology, and hydrogen source selection.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PdCd nanocubes with controlled composition and morphology.
  • Optimization of hydrogenation conditions using various substrates (e.g., 4-nitrophenylacetylene, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrostyrene).
  • Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high conversion and competitive selectivity for multiple substrates under optimized conditions.
  • Demonstrated the crucial role of Cd composition, NC morphology, and hydrogen source (H2 or HCOONH4) in performance.
  • DFT calculations confirmed Cd's influence on adsorption energies, explaining enhanced selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • PdCd NCs provide a tunable platform for achieving high efficiency and selectivity in hydrogenation reactions.
  • The nanocatalysts exhibit excellent reusability and stability, indicating practical applicability.
  • This study offers a rational design strategy for advanced hydrogenation nanocatalysts.