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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Related Experiment Video

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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Targeting cancers through TCR-peptide/MHC interactions.

Qinghua He1, Xianhan Jiang2, Xinke Zhou3,4

  • 1Department of Center Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621 Gangwan Rd, Huangpu Qu, Guangzhou, 510700, China.

Journal of Hematology & Oncology
|December 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

T-cell therapies show promise for solid tumors by targeting T-cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize cancer antigens presented by MHC molecules. Research focuses on optimizing TCR-based strategies to enhance anti-tumor responses while minimizing autoimmune side effects.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapyPeptideT cell receptorTumor antigen

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Adoptive T cell therapy, including CAR-T, has succeeded in hematological cancers.
  • Solid tumors present challenges due to a lack of specific surface biomarkers.
  • Intracellular antigens presented via MHC-peptide complexes are targets for T cell receptors (TCRs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current TCR-based immunotherapy strategies for solid tumors.
  • To discuss TCR structure, signaling, and clinical/preclinical findings.
  • To propose strategies for effective treatment with reduced autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of TCR-based immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and preclinical studies (e.g., ImmTACs, TCR-fusion molecules).
  • Focus on TCR-peptide/MHC interactions and T cell activation.

Main Results:

  • TCR-based therapies target intracellular antigens presented on the cell surface.
  • Clinical trials show varying efficacy and toxicity profiles.
  • Preclinical models explore novel TCR-based constructs like ImmTACs.

Conclusions:

  • TCR-based immunotherapies offer a promising avenue for solid tumor treatment.
  • Careful strategy development is needed to balance efficacy and autoimmune risks.
  • Further research aims to refine TCR-targeting for optimal clinical outcomes.