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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Adapted Resistance Training Improves Strength in Eight Weeks in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Ankle dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and the effects on walking.

Caroline Massot1, Marc-Alexandre Guyot1, Cécile Donze1

  • 1Service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Hôpital Saint Philibert, Lomme, France.

Disability and Rehabilitation
|December 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show reduced ankle range of motion due to muscle cocontractions, impacting gait. Rehabilitation should focus on ankle stability and weight support during gait training for improved mobility.

Keywords:
Multiple sclerosisanklecocontractionsgaitkinematiclocomotion

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neurology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly affects lower limb biomechanics, particularly at the ankle joint, even in early disease stages.
  • These ankle alterations significantly influence gait deterioration in MS patients.
  • Understanding these biomechanical changes is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize existing literature on biomechanical changes at the ankle during gait in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To discuss the impact of these impairments on gait deterioration.
  • To inform future rehabilitation strategies for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
  • Included studies reporting kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic data of ankle biomechanics during gait in MS patients.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies were included in the review.
  • A reduction in ankle range of motion (RoM) was observed in MS patients.
  • This RoM reduction is linked to increased cocontractions of the tibialis anterior and triceps surae muscles, potentially as a compensatory strategy for balance and body-weight support during the stance phase.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced ankle RoM in MS, even early on, results from muscle cocontractions and serves as a stability-enhancing strategy.
  • Future rehabilitation programs must incorporate control of ankle weight support during gait training.
  • Focusing on body segment motion control during weight transfer over the ankle is recommended for MS rehabilitation.