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Prematurity as a Risk Factor of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children Younger Than Two Years: A Retrospective

Ido Sadras1, Joel Reiter1,2,3, Nitzan Fuchs3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine : JCSM : Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
|December 20, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Prematurity significantly increases the risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in infants under two years old. Preterm infants show higher SDB rates, more severe hypoxemia, and altered sleep patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) affects 2-4% of children, but its prevalence and risk factors in infants under two years, particularly prematurity, are not well understood.
  • Understanding SDB in this age group is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of SDB in children younger than 24 months.
  • To evaluate the impact of prematurity as a risk factor for SDB in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 98 children under 24 months referred for polysomnography (PSG) between 2014-2018.
  • Exclusion of children with genetic syndromes; PSG scored per American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-one of 98 children were born prematurely (24-34 weeks gestational age).
  • Premature infants had a 4.3 times higher odds of SDB (AHI ≥ 5 events/h), with gestational age being the sole significant predictor.
  • Prematurity was associated with more severe nocturnal hypoxemia, increased central apnea, and altered sleep architecture.

Conclusions:

  • Prematurity is a significant risk factor for SDB in symptomatic infants under two years old.
  • Further research is needed to estimate SDB prevalence in non-referred young children.
Abstract

Keywords:
central apneafailure to thriveprematuritysleep-disordered breathing

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