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Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Detection
Published on: February 7, 2019
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Merkel cell carcinoma update: the case for two tumours.
A Nirenberg1, H Steinman2,3, J Dixon4
1Australasian College of Cutaneous Oncology, Docklands, Vic., Australia.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
|December 20, 2019
Summary
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is not a single disease. Research shows MCC comprises two distinct tumors: one linked to Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV+) with a better prognosis, and another UV-related type (MCPyV-) with a worse outlook.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Dermatology
- Virology
Background:
- Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor.
- Clinical observations suggest significant heterogeneity within MCC.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and stratify the evidence for distinct tumor types within MCC.
- To evaluate the role of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in MCC pathogenesis.
- To identify prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search of MCC research from 1972 to 2018.
- Analysis of 41 relevant papers, including clinical trials and laboratory research.
- Evaluation of tumor characteristics, viral status, mutation burden, and prognostic markers.
Main Results:
- MCC encompasses two distinct entities: MCPyV-positive (MCPyV+) and MCPyV-negative (MCPyV-).
- MCPyV+ tumors are likely neuroendocrine carcinomas of dermal fibroblast origin, associated with viral integration.
- MCPyV- tumors are likely UV-induced squamous cell carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation, originating from keratinocytes or stem cells.
Conclusions:
- MCC comprises two distinct tumors with different origins, prognoses, and potential management strategies.
- MCPyV+ MCC generally has a better prognosis than MCPyV- MCC.
- Proposed new nomenclature: Merkel type sarcoma (MCPyV+) and squamous cell carcinoma, Merkel type (MCPyV-).
