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Reduction of Occupational Exposure Using a Novel Tungsten-Containing Rubber Shield in Interventional Radiology.

Kenta Kijima1, Anchali Krisanachinda2, Mikoto Tamura1

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A new tungsten-containing rubber shield effectively reduces occupational radiation exposure in interventional radiology. This lead-free material offers superior shielding compared to existing options, enhancing operator safety during procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Protection
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Interventional radiology procedures involve significant occupational radiation exposure to operators from scattered radiation.
  • Current shielding materials, while effective, may have limitations in terms of weight, flexibility, or composition (e.g., lead-based).
  • Development of novel, lead-free shielding materials is crucial for improving safety in medical imaging environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel tungsten-containing rubber shield as a substitute for conventional shielding materials in interventional radiology.
  • To quantify the reduction in scattered radiation exposure achieved by the tungsten-containing rubber shield at various heights simulating operator positions.
  • To compare the shielding performance of the tungsten-containing rubber with a commercial shielding material (RADPAD).

Main Methods:

  • Air kerma rates of scattered radiation were measured using a semiconductor dosimeter.
  • Measurements were conducted using solid-plate phantoms simulating patients at operator eye, chest, waist, and knee levels.
  • The tungsten-containing rubber shield (1-5 mm thickness) and RADPAD were tested, and reduction rates were calculated and compared.

Main Results:

  • Tungsten-containing rubber shielding demonstrated significant reduction rates, ranging from approximately 68% to 77% at waist, chest, and eye levels.
  • Even a 1 mm thick tungsten-containing rubber shield showed superior shielding ability compared to RADPAD at eye level (70.37% vs. 61.80%).
  • Minimal shielding was observed at knee level for both materials, indicating effectiveness primarily at higher positions.

Conclusions:

  • The novel tungsten-containing rubber shield is a highly effective lead-free material for reducing occupational radiation exposure in interventional radiology.
  • Its superior performance, particularly at clinically relevant heights, suggests it can serve as a viable alternative to commercial shielding materials like RADPAD.
  • Further implementation of this material could significantly enhance operator safety in radiation-exposed medical fields.