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Air warming and CO2 enrichment increase N use efficiency and decrease N surplus in a Chinese double rice cropping

Bin Wang1, Chen Guo2, Yunfan Wan1

  • 1Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.

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Elevated atmospheric CO2 and warming improve nitrogen use efficiency in Chinese rice cultivation. This dual approach enhances plant nitrogen uptake and reduces nitrogen surplus, benefiting both crops and the environment.

Keywords:
CO(2) enrichmentN surplusN translocationN uptakeN use efficiencyWarming

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Future climate change involves elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations and rising temperatures.
  • The impact of these changes on nitrogen (N) uptake and use efficiency in rice cultivation is not fully understood.
  • Chinese double rice cropping systems are crucial for global food security and are potentially vulnerable to climate shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on plant N uptake and N use efficiency in Chinese double rice cropping systems.
  • To assess the combined impacts of elevated CO2 and temperature on N utilization across different rice growth stages.
  • To determine the implications for nitrogen management and environmental sustainability in rice production.

Main Methods:

  • A four-year field experiment was conducted using open-top chambers in Hubei Province, China.
  • Treatments included varying CO2 concentrations (ambient and ambient +60 μmol mol−1) and temperatures (ambient and ambient +2 °C).
  • Measurements included plant N uptake, N use efficiency metrics (NRE, NAE, NPE, NUEsys), and soil mineral N concentration.

Main Results:

  • Elevated CO2 significantly increased plant N uptake and all measured N use efficiencies in both early and late rice.
  • Elevated temperature decreased N uptake and N use efficiency in early rice due to heat stress but increased them in late rice.
  • Combined elevated CO2 and temperature showed synergistic positive effects on N use efficiency, particularly in late rice, and reduced annual N surplus.

Conclusions:

  • CO2 enrichment is beneficial for nitrogen utilization in rice cultivation, enhancing N uptake and efficiency.
  • Warming effects on N use efficiency are dependent on the rice growth stage and potential for heat stress.
  • The co-elevation of CO2 and temperature can improve overall N use efficiency and decrease N surplus in Chinese double rice systems.