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Gene drives for schistosomiasis transmission control
Theresa Maier1, Nicolas James Wheeler2,3, Erica K O Namigai4
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|December 20, 2019
Summary
Gene drives show potential for controlling schistosomiasis by targeting snail hosts, offering a novel strategy beyond drug administration to reduce disease transmission and reinfection. Responsible development requires interdisciplinary collaboration for effective implementation and governance.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Genomics
- Public Health
- Parasitology
Background:
- Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease affecting over 200 million people globally.
- Current mass drug administration strategies do not prevent reinfection, necessitating novel control methods.
- Targeting intermediate snail hosts is vital for integrated schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the potential of gene drive technology for controlling schistosomiasis transmission.
- To outline strategies for responsible gene drive development, impact assessment, and governance.
- To integrate perspectives from global health, genome engineering, epidemiology, and biology.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature and expert perspectives on gene drive technology.
- Analysis of factors influencing gene drive efficacy in snail populations.
- Discussion of challenges and opportunities for gene drive implementation in schistosomiasis control.
Main Results:
- Gene drives can potentially spread resistance traits in snail populations, reducing disease transmission.
- Successful implementation depends on gene-editing efficiency, spread dynamics, ecological sustainability, and social equity.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for addressing complex challenges in gene drive development and governance.
Conclusions:
- Gene drive technology offers a promising future tool for schistosomiasis control, complementing existing interventions.
- Responsible development and governance are essential for maximizing benefits and mitigating risks.
- Further research and collaboration are needed to realize the potential of gene drives for disease elimination.
