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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

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Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

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Multiple sclerosis.

Shilpa Klocke, Nicole Hahn

    The Mental Health Clinician
    |December 21, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Advances in multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis and treatment offer new hope. This review covers disease-modifying therapies and personalized strategies for managing relapsing MS, using a case study approach.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Immunology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, disabling neurological disease.
    • Recent advancements enable earlier, more accurate diagnosis of MS.
    • Over 15 disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are now FDA-approved for relapsing forms of MS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis.
    • To discuss the classification of DMTs based on efficacy.
    • To explore emerging strategies for earlier and personalized MS treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • A clinical case study approach is utilized.
    • Patient-specific factors are considered for therapeutic recommendations.
    • Review of FDA-approved disease-modifying therapies for relapsing MS.
    Keywords:
    disease-modifying therapiesescalation versus inductionguidelineshighly effectivemodestly effectivemultiple sclerosis

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    Author Spotlight: Creating a Versatile Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model Relevant for Both Male and Female Mice
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    Main Results:

    • DMTs for relapsing MS are categorized by efficacy levels.
    • New strategies focus on early and customized therapeutic interventions.
    • Case study illustrates personalized treatment planning.

    Conclusions:

    • Earlier diagnosis and a wider array of DMTs have improved MS management.
    • Personalized therapeutic strategies are crucial for optimizing outcomes in relapsing MS.
    • Ongoing research and classification refinement will further advance MS care.