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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Surface Appendages of Archaea01:23

Surface Appendages of Archaea

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Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Skin Surface pH

Charles Lynde, Jerry Tan, Sandra Skotnicki

    Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
    |December 21, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The skin surface pH, or acid mantle, is crucial for skin health. Recent research highlights its importance, bringing this long-known factor back into scientific focus.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology and Skin Physiology

    Background:

    • The skin surface pH, known as the acid mantle, was first described over 90 years ago.
    • Historically recognized, its significance has been re-evaluated with advancing scientific understanding.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To re-examine and emphasize the critical role of skin surface pH in dermatological health.
    • To bring the concept of the acid mantle back into contemporary scientific focus.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of historical and current research on skin surface pH.
    • Analysis of evolving insights into the function and importance of the acid mantle.

    Main Results:

    • The skin surface pH is a fundamental factor in maintaining skin barrier function.
    • Developing scientific insights underscore the relevance of the acid mantle in current dermatological research.

    Conclusions:

    • The long-established concept of skin surface pH is regaining prominence in scientific discourse.
    • Understanding the acid mantle is essential for addressing various skin conditions and promoting skin health.