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Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, U.S. Armed Forces, May 2004-September 2018

Jangwoo Lee, Beth T Poitras

    MSMR
    |December 21, 2019
    PubMed

    Insights

    Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a genetic disorder causing hemolytic anemia, affects 2.2% of military personnel. Prevalence varies by sex and race, mirroring U.S. demographics.

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Hematology
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited disorder linked to hemolytic anemia.
    • Certain triggers, including 8-aminoquinoline (8-AQ) antimalarials, can precipitate hemolytic anemia in individuals with G6PD deficiency.
    • 8-AQ antimalarials are crucial for malaria relapse prevention, necessitating G6PD testing for military personnel.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency within the Department of Defense (DoD) service member population.
    • To analyze demographic trends associated with G6PD deficiency in this cohort.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective analysis of laboratory records (May 2004–September 2018) for G6PD testing was conducted on 2,311,223 service members.
    • Demographic data were obtained from the Defense Enrollment Eligibility Reporting System.
    • Prevalence rates were calculated and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity.

    Main Results:

    • The overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency among DoD service members was 2.2%.
    • Prevalence was higher in males (2.3%) than females (1.5%).
    • Non-Hispanic Black service members exhibited a higher prevalence (9.5%) compared to other racial/ethnic groups.

    Conclusions:

    • G6PD deficiency prevalence in the DoD cohort is relatively low but shows demographic patterns consistent with the general U.S. population.
    • Findings underscore the importance of G6PD status assessment in military populations, particularly given the reliance on 8-AQ antimalarials.
    • Further research may explore specific risk factors and management strategies within the military context.

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