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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Genetic Protection Modifications: Moving Beyond the Binary Distinction Between Therapy and Enhancement for Human

Rasmus Bjerregaard Mikkelsen1, Henriette Reventlow S Frederiksen2, Mickey Gjerris1

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Genome editing offers genetic protection treatments beyond therapy or enhancement. This new category for conditions like Alzheimer's, BRCA mutations, and HIV resistance is crucial for future research and policy.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Bioethics
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Current human genome editing policy distinguishes between therapy and enhancement.
  • This binary framework may overlook significant applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
  • Existing policies might unnecessarily restrict vital research and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new category of "genetic protection treatments" for human genome editing.
  • To argue for the inclusion of conditions like Alzheimer's disease, BRCA mutations, and HIV resistance in this category.
  • To highlight the potential limitations of current policy and the risks of ad hoc decision-making.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing genome editing policy and ethical debates.
  • Identification of potential applications of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
  • Argumentation for a revised policy framework.

Main Results:

  • The therapy/enhancement dichotomy is insufficient for classifying key genome editing applications.
  • Genetic treatment for sporadic Alzheimer's, BRCA-related cancers, and HIV resistance represent a distinct category.
  • Failure to establish a "genetic protection" category risks limiting research and leading to unforeseen ethical issues.

Conclusions:

  • A new category of "genetic protection treatments" is essential for human genome editing policy.
  • This framework will better accommodate applications aimed at preventing or treating genetic predispositions and infectious diseases.
  • Adopting this category will foster responsible innovation and mitigate ethical risks in genome editing research.