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Related Concept Videos

Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

1.9K
The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...
1.9K

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Related Experiment Video

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Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
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Functionalized Graphene Oxide Shields Tooth Dentin from Decalcification.

M Z I Nizami1,2, Y Nishina2,3, T Yamamoto1

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan.

Journal of Dental Research
|December 21, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) nanocomposites effectively protect dentin from decalcification and inhibit cariogenic bacteria. These novel materials show low cytotoxicity, offering a promising solution for root surface caries in aging populations.

Keywords:
antimicrobialcytotoxicitydemineralizationhydroxyapatitenanocompositessealing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Root surface caries is a growing concern in aging populations.
  • Current treatments like silver diamine fluoride can cause tooth discoloration.
  • Novel materials are needed to prevent dental caries effectively and safely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO) nanocomposites in preventing dentin decalcification.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial activity of f-GO nanocomposites against *Streptococcus mutans*.
  • To determine the cytotoxicity of f-GO nanocomposites on epithelial cells.

Main Methods:

  • Hydroxyapatite plates and dentin slices were coated with various f-GO nanocomposites.
  • Coated samples were subjected to decalcification solutions (EDTA, citrate).
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze surface morphology.
  • Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity assays were performed.

Main Results:

  • f-GO nanocomposites, particularly GO-Ag, GO-Ag-CaF2, and GO-CaF2, significantly protected dentin and hydroxyapatite from decalcification.
  • GO-Ag and GO-Ag-CaF2 nanocomposites demonstrated potent inhibition of *Streptococcus mutans* growth.
  • f-GO nanocomposites exhibited low cytotoxicity to epithelial cells, with minimal effects at high concentrations.
  • Unlike silver diamine fluoride, f-GO nanocomposites caused minimal or no tooth discoloration.

Conclusions:

  • Functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposites are effective in preventing dentin decalcification and bacterial growth.
  • These f-GO nanocomposites offer a safe alternative to existing treatments, with reduced cytotoxicity and discoloration.
  • f-GO nanocomposites show significant potential for managing root surface caries, addressing a key issue in elderly dental health.