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Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

3.1K
Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
484
Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound01:19

Assessing Blood pressure using a doppler ultrasound

2.2K
To obtain accurate blood pressure measurements in clinical settings, especially when traditional methods are insufficient, healthcare professionals utilize the Doppler ultrasound technique. This method uses high-frequency sound waves to detect blood flow within the arteries, which is crucial for patients with conditions that complicate circulatory system assessment.
Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Doppler Ultrasound Blood Pressure Assessment:
Preparation of Equipment:
2.2K
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

1.6K
Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
1.6K
Sound as Pressure Waves01:17

Sound as Pressure Waves

4.4K
Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...
4.4K
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

552
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
552

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Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
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A Low-Noise-Level Heart Sound System Based on Novel Thorax-Integration Head Design and Wavelet Denoising Algorithm.

Shuo Zhang1, Ruiqing Zhang1, Shijie Chang1

  • 1School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.

Micromachines
|December 22, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new low-noise heart sound system effectively reduces environmental noise, outperforming traditional electronic stethoscopes. This advanced system preserves crucial pathological information for accurate cardiovascular disease diagnosis.

Keywords:
digital stethoscopeflexible electric filmwavelet denoising

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Current electronic stethoscopes struggle with noise interference, impacting diagnostic accuracy for cardiovascular diseases.
  • Undesired noise originates from the surrounding environment and the stethoscope's own operation.
  • Effective noise reduction is critical for reliable heart sound analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel low-noise heart sound system with superior noise inhibition capabilities.
  • To compare the denoising performance of the new system against a leading commercial electronic stethoscope.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of heart sounds recorded by the new system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel thorax-integration head with a flexible electric film for noise inhibition.
  • Implementation of a hardware filter bank and a wavelet-based algorithm for signal enhancement.
  • Comparative recording of heart sounds in noisy environments using the new system and the 3M™ Littmann® Model 3200 Electronic Stethoscope.
  • Validation of diagnostic accuracy using expert interpretation and comparison with echocardiography reports.

Main Results:

  • The new system demonstrated significantly better noise reduction compared to the 3M stethoscope, with average noise ratios of 21.26% and 12.47% respectively.
  • The system successfully inhibited noise, preserving detailed pathological information within the recorded heart sounds.
  • Diagnostic results based on the system's recordings showed high accuracy, with only two uncertain items out of multiple diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • The developed low-noise heart sound system offers superior performance in noise reduction compared to current state-of-the-art equipment.
  • The system effectively preserves complete pathological information, enabling accurate cardiovascular diagnoses.
  • This technology holds significant potential for improving non-invasive cardiac diagnostics in noisy clinical settings.