Thrombolytic Potential of Novel Thiol-Dependent Fibrinolytic Protease from Bacillus cereus RSA1

The present study demonstrates the production and thrombolytic potential of a novel thermostable thiol-dependent fibrinolytic protease by Bacillus cereus RSA1. Statistical optimization of different parameters was accomplished with Plackett-Burman design and validated further by central composite design with 30.75 U/mL protease production. Precipitation and chromatographic approaches resulted in 33.11% recovery with 2.32-fold purification. The molecular weight of fibrinolytic protease was 40 KDa and it exhibited a broad temperature and pH stability range of 20-80 °C and pH 5-10 with utmost activity at 50 °C and pH 8, respectively. The protease retained its fibrinolytic activity in organic solvents and enhanced the activity in solutions with divalent cations (Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺). The enzyme kinetics revealed K_m and V_max values of 1.093 mg/mL and 52.39 µg/mL/min, respectively, indicating higher affinity of fibrinolytic activity towards fibrin. Also, complete inhibition of fibrinolytic activity with DFP and a 2-fold increase with DTT and β-mercaptoethanol indicates its thiol-dependent serine protease nature. MALDI-TOF analysis showed 56% amino acid sequence homology with Subtilisin NAT OS = Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto. The fibrinolysis activity was compared with a commercial thrombolytic agent for its therapeutic applicability, and fibrinolytic protease was found highly significant with absolute blood clot dissolution within 4 h in in vitro conditions. The isolated fibrinolytic protease of Bacillus cereus RSA1 is novel and different from other known fibrinolytic proteases with high stability and efficacy, which might have wide medicinal and industrial application as a thrombolytic agent and in blood stain removal, respectively.