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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

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The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Calculating Heart Rate Variability from ECG Data from Youth with Cerebral Palsy During Active Video Game Sessions
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Relation between Heart Rate Variability and Disease Course in Multiple Sclerosis.

Tatjana Reynders1,2,3, Yori Gidron3,4, Jella De Ville2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem (Antwerp), Belgium.

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|December 22, 2019
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Heart rate variability (HRV) did not differ between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls. However, higher HRV in MS patients predicted increased relapse risk over 12 months.

Keywords:
autonomic dysfunctionheart rate variabilitymultiple sclerosisrelapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • The autonomic nervous system's role in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity is not well understood.
  • Heart rate variability (HRV) serves as a key indicator of vagal nerve function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between HRV and disease characteristics in a prospective cohort of MS patients.
  • To assess if HRV can predict relapse occurrence in individuals with MS.

Main Methods:

  • Measured HRV indices, including standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), in 114 MS patients and 30 healthy controls (HC).
  • Assessed group differences at baseline and HRV reproducibility at 3 months.
  • Employed logistic regression to correlate baseline HRV with relapse occurrence at 3 and 12 months.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in HRV were observed between MS patients and HC, or among MS subgroups.
  • In MS patients, HRV indices correlated with age and showed good reproducibility at 3 months.
  • Higher baseline SDNN and RMSSD were associated with self-reported relapses at 3 months.
  • Baseline SDNN predicted relapses at 12 months (AUC = 0.733).

Conclusions:

  • While baseline HRV does not distinguish MS patients from HC, it shows potential as a predictor of future relapses in MS.
  • Further research into HRV may offer insights into MS disease activity and progression.