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An experimental design is a systematic process that allows researchers to evaluate the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three widely used types of experimental design - pre-experimental design, true experimental design, and quasi-experimental design. In pre-experimental design, the researcher compares the data before and after some interventions or treatments. The true-experimental design has more than one purposefully created group, a commonly measured...
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Integration of 5G Experimentation Infrastructures into a Multi-Site NFV Ecosystem
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A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study.

Mohammad Kazem Chamran1, Kok-Lim Alvin Yau1, Rafidah M D Noor2

  • 1School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 22, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel distributed wireless network using Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRP) and Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (RP3) for autonomous node decision-making. This approach enhances 5G network development by enabling independent node operations, unlike traditional centralized systems.

Keywords:
5GD2D communicationRaspberry PiUSRPdistributed mechanismend-to-end delaysensorsensor network

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Traditional distributed wireless testbeds often rely on a single central processing unit, leading to centralized decision-making despite the network's distributed nature.
  • The cost and hardware limitations of dedicated processing units for each node have historically hindered fully distributed decision-making in such testbeds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel distributed wireless network architecture using Universal Software Radio Peripherals (USRP) and Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (RP3) for autonomous, distributed decision-making at each node.
  • To compare the performance of the proposed distributed testbed with traditional centralized distributed testbeds.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a testbed where each USRP node is equipped with an individual Raspberry Pi 3 B+ (RP3) acting as a distributed decision-making engine.
  • Experimental comparison of the proposed testbed against a traditional setup featuring a single central processing unit controlling multiple USRP nodes via a switch.
  • Observation of multihop transmission using device-to-device (D2D) communication capabilities inherent in 5G technology.

Main Results:

  • The proposed testbed demonstrated autonomous decision-making capabilities at each node, a novel approach compared to existing literature.
  • Experiments revealed an increase in end-to-end delay and a decrease in packet delivery ratio in the new testbed, attributed to software and hardware processing delays.
  • The system supports multihop transmissions via device-to-device (D2D) communication, offering alternatives for network communication (direct to base station or D2D offloading).

Conclusions:

  • The integration of RP3 as a distributed decision-making engine with USRP/GNU radio platform represents a significant advancement in creating scalable, distributed wireless networks.
  • This architecture provides valuable insights for the development of future 5G networks, particularly in enabling more autonomous and distributed functionalities.
  • While introducing processing delays, the fully distributed decision-making model offers a foundation for more resilient and flexible wireless network designs.